Proverbs 28

28:1 The wicked experience God’s curse for breaking his covenant (see Lev 26:14-17, 36-37).

28:2 Wise . . . leaders rule justly and effectively (8:15-16).

28:4 Without law, chaos results and the wicked flourish.

28:5 Evil people seek gain by breaking the law. Justice ensures that they are punished and the righteous are rewarded.

28:6 Virtue is more valuable than material wealth. This proverb is repeated with a slightly different conclusion in 19:1.

28:7 their parents: This proverb applies to both fathers and mothers.

28:8 The law prohibited charging needy Israelites interest on loans (Exod 22:25; Lev 25:36; Deut 23:19). The rich were instructed to lend generously to the poor (Prov 3:27-28; 11:24; 28:27; 29:7, 14).

28:9 A person who ignores the law shows no fear of the Lord (1:7), the lawgiver. That person’s prayers are hypocritical—why should God listen to them?

28:12 When the wicked take charge: See also 28:28.

28:13 The wise admit their mistakes and sins and pursue correction (see Ps 32:1-5).

28:15 A wicked ruler will not help the poor because his rule is not just. Like a roaring lion or an attacking bear, he destroys their lives.

28:17 tormented conscience: See 1 Sam 25:31; Rom 2:15; 13:5; cp. Heb 10:22. • Don’t protect him! Murder is such a serious offense that a fine could not replace the death penalty (see Num 35:32).

28:19 This proverb is repeated but with a different conclusion in 12:11.

28:20 quick riches: Wealth must be earned ethically, or it will cause harm and will not last (see 13:11, cp. 10:2; 11:18; 13:22; 21:6).

28:21 Rendering a wrong verdict based on a bribe is evil (17:23; 22:16).

28:23 The wise desire honest criticism of their faults so they can improve (10:17; 13:1, 10; 15:24, 31-32).

28:24 Callous children who exploit their parents are wicked (see Exod 20:12).

28:25 Those who are greedy fight to control circumstances so as to gain riches. Trusting the Lord allows the wise to face life calmly and, ironically, to experience prosperity.

28:26 The one who walks in wisdom listens to the advice of others; those who trust their own insight show themselves foolish.

28:28 When the wicked take charge: See also 28:12.